Question 2

(a) Explain the multiple (ladder) if-else with syntax and proper example.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
	int mark;
	clrscr();
	printf("Enter Mark of your Subject : ");
	scanf("%d",&mark);
	if(mark < 0 || mark > 100)
		printf("\nInvalid Mark");
	else if(mark < 35)
		printf("\nYou are Fail!!");
	else if(mark < 55)
		printf("\nYou are pass with pass class");
	else if(mark < 65)
		printf("\nYou are pass with third class");
	else if(mark < 75)
		printf("\nYou are pass with second class");
	else if(mark < 85)
		printf("\nYou are pass with first class");
	else if(mark <= 100)
		printf("\nYou are pass with Distinction class");
	getch();
}

(b) Assume that you want to make the sum of 1 to 100. Give the necessary code to perform the same using (1) For loop (2) While loop (3) Do-while loop.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
	int i=0,sum=0;	
	clrscr();
	printf("\nSum of 1 to 100.");
	printf("\n\nUsing For Loop");
	for(i=1;i<=100;i++)
		sum += i;
	printf(" - Sum is : %d",sum);
	i=0,sum=0;
	printf("\n\nUsing while Loop");
	while(i <= 100)
	{
		sum += i;
		i++;
	}
	printf(" - Sum is : %d",sum);
	i=0,sum=0;
	printf("\n\nUsing For Loop");
	do
	{
		sum += i;
		i++;
	}while(i <= 100);
	printf(" - Sum is : %d",sum);
	getch();
}

Question 3

(a) Write a program to find the minimum value from the array of 3x3.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
	int number[3][3] = {{15,20,14},{6,5,2},{45,58,62}},minimum;
	int i,j;
	clrscr();
	minimum = number[0][0];
	for(i=0;i<3;i++)
	{
		for(j=0;j<3;j++)
		{
			if(number[i][j] < minimum)
				minimum = number[i][j];
		}
	}
	printf("Minimum value from the array of 3 X 3 is : %d",minimum);
	getch();
}

(c) Explain the use of break statement with example.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
	int i=0;
	clrscr();
	for(i=0;i<100;i++)
	{
		printf("i = %d\n",i);
		if(i == 10)
			break;	
	}
	getch();
}

Question 4

(a) What is function? Explain the function definition, function prototype and function call with example.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int functionExample(int number);	// function prototype
main()
{
	clrscr();
	functionExample(10);	// function call
	functionExample(0);		// function call
	functionExample(-10);	// function call
	getch();
}
int functionExample(int number)	// function definition
{
	if(number == 0)
		printf("\nNumber is 0");
	else if(number > 0)
		printf("\nNumber is positive");
	else if(number < 0)
		printf("\nNumber is negative");
}

(c) What is call by value? Clear it with example.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void printNumber(int);
main()
{
	int X = 5;
	clrscr();
	printf("Number X is = %d\n",X);
	printNumber(X);
	printf("Number X is = %d\n",X);			
	getch();	
}
void printNumber(int X)
{
	X = 10;
	printf("Number X is = %d\n",X);
}

Question 5

(a) Write a program which accepts a long string and print only characters at positions which are multiple of 3.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
	char *str,c;
	int i=0;
	clrscr();
	while( ( c = getchar() ) != EOF )
	{
		str[i] = c; i++;
	}
	str[i] = EOF;
	for(i=0;str[i] != EOF;i++)
	{
		if( (i%3) == 0)
			printf("%c",str[i]);
	}
	getch();
}

Question 6

(a) Write a function which accepts a string and returns the length of the string.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
	char s[] = "jaydip panchal";
	int len;
	clrscr();
  	len = getLength(s);
	printf("Length of String is : %d",len);
	getch();	
}
int getLength(char s[])
{
	int i;
	for(i=0;s[i] != '\0';i++);
	return i;	
}

(b) What is structure? Define the structure and explain how to access the structure members.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
/* Defining Structure named student */
struct student
{
	char *name;
	int rollNo;
}
/* Defining Structure named student */
main()
{
	struct student s;
	clrscr();
	/* Accessing structure member name */
	s.name = "help2engg"; 
	printf("Student's name is : %s\n",s.name);
	/* Accessing structure member name */
	s.rollNo = "5";
	printf("Student's roll no is : %s",s.rollNo);
	getch();
}

(c) Show the use of the malloc() function.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <alloc.h>
void main(void)
{
	char *str;
   	clrscr();
   	/* allocate memory for string */
   	if ((str = (char *) malloc(10)) == NULL)
   	{
      		printf("Not enough memory to allocate buffer\n");
      		exit(1);  /* terminate program if out of memory */
   	}
   	/* copy "Hello" into string */
   	str = "GTU";
   	/* display string */
   	printf("University is %s\n", str);
   	getch();
}

Question 7

(b) Write a program to display the contents of a given file.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
	FILE *file1;
	char string [BUFSIZ];
	clrscr();
	file1= fopen ("FILE1" , "r");
	if (file1 == NULL) perror ("Error opening file");
	else
	{
		while (fgets (string , BUFSIZ, file1) != NULL)
		{
			puts (string);
		}
		fclose (file1);
	}
	getch();
	return 0;
}