Database languages| DBMS Tutorial

DBMS - Introduction

DBMS - Advantages

DBMS - Data Models

DBMS - E-R Model

DBMS - E-R Diagram

DBMS - OOriented Model

DBMS - Relation Model

DBMS - Network Model

DBMS - Hierarchical Model

DBMS - Languages

DBMS - Rules

DBMS - DBA

DBMS - Types

DBMS - Normalization

Types of DBMS languages

Data Definition Language (DDL) : Statements are used to define the database structure or schema.

Some examples:

CREATE - to create objects in the database

ALTER - alters the structure of the database

DROP - delete objects from the database

TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for the records are removed

COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary

RENAME - rename an object

Data Manipulation Language (DML) : Statements are used for managing data within schema objects.

Some examples:

SELECT - Retrieve data from the a database

INSERT - Insert data into a table

UPDATE - Updates existing data within a table

DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the records remain

MERGE - UPSERT operation (insert or update)

CALL - Call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram

EXPLAIN PLAN - explain access path to data

LOCK TABLE - control concurrency

Data Control Language (DCL)
Some examples:

GRANT - gives user's access privileges to database

REVOKE - withdraw access privileges given with the GRANT command

Transaction Control (TCL) : Statements are used to manage the changes made by DML statements. It allows statements to be grouped together into logical transactions.

Some examples:

COMMIT - save work done

SAVEPOINT - identify a point in a transaction to which you can later roll back

ROLLBACK - restore database to original since the last COMMIT

SET TRANSACTION - Change transaction options like isolation level and what rollback segment to use

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Types of DBMS languages

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